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Key Summary
- Overview: The article discusses a respected developer’s decision to switch from Node.js to Go (Golang) for backend development, highlighting the reasons and benefits of this transition.
- Reasons for Switching:
- Performance: Go offers faster execution and lower latency due to its compiled nature, compared to Node.js’s interpreted JavaScript runtime.
- Concurrency: Go’s goroutines and channels provide simpler, more efficient concurrency handling than Node.js’s event-driven, single-threaded model.
- Simplicity: Go’s minimalist syntax and standard library reduce complexity and dependencies, unlike Node.js’s reliance on npm packages.
- Type Safety: Go’s static typing minimizes runtime errors, offering more reliability than Node.js’s dynamic typing.
- Scalability: Go is better suited for building high-performance, scalable microservices and cloud-native applications.
- Use Cases for Go:
- Ideal for high-throughput systems like APIs, microservices, and cloud infrastructure (e.g., Kubernetes, Docker).
- Preferred for projects requiring low latency, such as real-time applications or large-scale backend services.
- Benefits of Go:
- Faster development with built-in tools like go fmt and go test.
- Smaller, more efficient binaries for easier deployment.
- Strong community support and adoption by companies like Google and Uber.
- Challenges:
- Go lacks the extensive ecosystem of Node.js, requiring more custom code for some functionalities.
- Learning curve for developers accustomed to JavaScript’s flexibility and Node.js’s ecosystem.
- Node.js Strengths Retained: Node.js remains suitable for rapid prototyping, event-driven apps, and projects with heavy JavaScript integration (e.g., full-stack JavaScript apps).
- Conclusion: The developer’s shift to Go reflects its advantages in performance, concurrency, and simplicity for scalable backend systems, though Node.js remains relevant for specific use cases, highlighting the importance of choosing the right tool for the project.
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TJ Holowaychuk, a prominent module writer, made his farewells to Node.js and is turning to Go, which he calls a “next generation,” programming language in the same company as Rust and Julia.
It’s the latest high profile departure from Node.js to Go, as noted by Zef Hemel in a post today. In particular, he cited Felix Geisendörfer, a frequent contributor who moved on to Go in 2012.
— Felix Geisendörfer (@felixge) December 2, 2012
Hemel also cited Koding, which provides a web-based development environment.
Holowaychuk is the creator of the Luna programming language. He is also the force behind Koa, Express, Stylus, Cluster, Mocha, Jade and node-canvas.
He writes in a post published yesterday that Node.js does some things well but it is not suited to his interests these days in distributed systems. Node.js stresses performance over usability and robustness. He finds Go “performs better, is easier to maintain, and has better test coverage since synchronous code is generally nicer and simpler to work with.”
He likes C but it is not a language for working with every day.
For Holowaychuk, most satisfying about Go is its iteration speed. He hopes the community will be willing to break things in Go but he recognizes with big companies behind it, breaking things can be a problem for people managing big systems. But it could help make it more resilient and stronger.
Why Go
Summarizing, he says Go is robust for its age and refactoring with types is pleasant and simple. The tooling for profiling and debugging works and the community has “a very strong conventions regarding documentation, formatting, benchmarking, and API design.”
Go’s primitives are more suited to distributed computing than Node.js’s generators. Node.js does not have separate stack error handling. Without it, reporting is mediocre.
I also don’t want to wait 3 years for the community to defragment, when we have solutions that work now, and work well.
There’s also Go’s error-handling, too, which Holowaychuk says is superior. Node.js makes you look at every error, which helps the developer think but it also has some flaws, which he lists as follows:
- you may get duplicate callbacks
- you may not get a callback at all (lost in limbo)
- you may get out-of-band errors
- emitters may get multiple “error” events
- missing “error” events sends everything to hell
- often unsure what requires “error” handlers
- “error” handlers are very verbose
- callbacks suck
Howaychuk is a philosophical and a natural writer. He’s critical of Node.js but in a constructive way. In particular, he puts the onus on Joyent to make Node.js more usable.
I have written about Poptip moving to Go. Many of the emerging services use Go, too. Docker, CoreOs, Dropbox and MongoDB to name some of the more prominent users.
Are the Node.js issue overblown or misguided? I am curious about this one. It may be time do a Google Hangout on the topic.
InApps Technology is a wholly owned subsidiary of Insight Partners, an investor in the following companies mentioned in this article: Docker.
Feature image via Creative Commons on Flickr.
Source: InApps.net
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